Linux桌面环境安装与系统配置
snow chuai汇总、整理、撰写---2020/2/25
1. GNOME
1) 安装GNOME [root@node1 ~]# yum groups install "GNOME Desktop" -y |
2. CLI下启动GNOME
1) 命令启动 [root@node1 ~]# echo "exec gnome-session" >> ~/.xinitrc [root@node1 ~]# startx |
3. KDE
1) 安装GNOME [root@node1 ~]# yum groups install "KDE Plasma Workspaces" -y |
4. Cinnamon
1) 安装GNOME [root@node1 ~]# yum groups install "Server with GUI" -y [root@node1 ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel install cinnamon* -y |
5. MATE
1) 安装GNOME [root@node1 ~]# yum groups install "Server with GUI" -y [root@node1 ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel groups install "MATE Desktop" -y |
6. XFCE
1) 安装GNOME [root@node1 ~]# yum groups install "Server with GUI" -y [root@node1 ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel groups install "Xfce" -y |
7. 设置系统语言
1) 显示当前状态
[root@node1 ~]# localectl
System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us
|
8. 设置键盘
1) 显示当前设置
[root@srv1 ~]# localectl
System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us
|
9. 设置主机名
1) 显示当前主机名 [root@srv1 ~]# hostname srv1.1000cc.net |
10. 时区设置
1) 显示时区列表 [root@srv1 ~]# timedatectl list-timezones ...... ...... Asia/Shanghai ...... ...... |
11. 添加第三方repo
1) 安装优先级插件 [root@srv1 ~]# yum install yum-plugin-priorities -y # 设定CentOS-Base源为最高优先级[1为最高，99为最低] [root@srv1 ~]# sed -i -e "s/\]$/\]\npriority=1/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo |
12. 更新CentOS Kernel
1) 查看现有的内核版本(需elrepo源) [root@srv1 ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel list available 已加载插件：fastestmirror, priorities Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 可安装的软件包 # lt为长期支持版,ml为当前稳定版 elrepo-release.noarch 7.0-4.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt.x86_64 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-doc.noarch 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.4.214-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel python-perf.x86_64 5.5.6-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel |
13. CentOS6及CentOS7发行版发型时间
1. CentOS6发行版发型时间
2. CentOS7发行版发型时间
14. 设置本地YUM源
1. 基于ISO的本地源
2) 挂载ISO
[root@srv1 ~]# mkdir -v /mnt/cdrom [root@srv1 ~]# mount /iso/c7.iso /mnt/cdrom -o loop
3) 将客户端的repos源地址改为本地服务器地址(并注释掉mirrorlist字段，取消baseurl字段的注释) [root@client ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-72. 同步远程YUM源至本地
2) 创建本地的同步目录(repos目录) [root@srv1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/repos/centos/7/{os,updates,extras}/x86_64 [root@srv1 ~]# chmod -R 755 /var/www/repos
3) 将远程repos同步至本地 # 语法详见rsync服务 # --exclude参数为指定排除(不同步)的目录或文件 # 远程所同步的源为清华大学开源软件镜像站
[root@srv1 ~]# rsync -avz --delete --exclude='repodata' \ rsync://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/ \ /var/www/repos/centos/7/os/x86_64/
[root@srv1 ~]# rsync -avz --delete --exclude='repodata' \ rsync://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/updates/x86_64/ \ /var/www/repos/centos/7/updates/x86_64/
[root@srv1 ~]# rsync -avz --delete --exclude='repodata' \ rsync://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/extras/x86_64/ \ /var/www/repos/centos/7/extras/x86_64/
4) 创建repodate [root@srv1 ~]# createrepo /var/www/repos/centos/7/os/x86_64/ [root@srv1 ~]# createrepo /var/www/repos/centos/7/updates/x86_64/ [root@srv1 ~]# createrepo /var/www/repos/centos/7/extras/x86_64/
5) 自动每日同步更新 [root@srv1 ~]# vim /etc/cron.daily/update-repo #!/bin/bash
VER='7' ARCH='x86_64' REPOS=(os updates extras)
for REPO in ${REPOS[@]} do rsync -avz --delete --exclude='repodata' \ rsync://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/${VER}/${REPO}/${ARCH}/ /var/www/repos/centos/${VER}/${REPO}/${ARCH}/ createrepo /var/www/repos/centos/${VER}/${REPO}/${ARCH}/ done
[root@srv1 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/update-repo
6) 启动web服务，以支持yum源
7) 将客户端的repos源地址改为本地服务器地址(并注释掉mirrorlist字段，取消baseurl字段的注释) [root@client ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra baseurl=http://srv1.1000cc.net.cn/repos/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra baseurl=http://srv1.1000cc.net.cn/repos/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra baseurl=http://srv1.1000cc.net.cn/repos/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
15. 安装NVIDAI显卡驱动
1) 如果在GUI图形界面，请切换到CLI界面 |
16. 使用snappy管理软件包
1) 安装snappy [root@srv1 ~]# yum install epel-release -y [root@srv1 ~]# yum install yum-plugin-copr -y [root@srv1 ~]# yum copr enable ngompa/snapcore-el7 [root@srv1 ~]# yum install snapd -y |
